Transnational Strategy Essay Example for Free

Transnational Strategy Essay This paper is about transnational strategy used by transnational companies in developing their business. The strategy will be shown on the specific example of globalizing an Australian wine company BRL Hardy. But first it worth determining transnational strategy as it is. During recent years much have changed in the world business economy, and most big companies started orienting towards globalization of their business. And host countries in their turn were first suspicious to such organizations and made a lot of restrictions for providing their business on the territory of the host country. There are ‘positive contributions that TNCs (transnational corporations) make to host states and encourages this trend, as well as the tensions that have existed between TNCs and host states and endeavors to provide legal responses that take into account the legitimate interests of these two main actors.’ (Ebow Bondzi-Simpson 1990, p. xiii). The main demand was to be responsive to local market and political needs of the country. ‘As a result of these developments, many worldwide companies recognized that the demands to be responsive to local market and political needs and the pressures to develop global-scale competitive efficiency were simultaneous, if sometimes conflicting. Under these conditions, the either/or attitude reflected in both the multinational and the global strategic mentalities were increasingly inappropriate. The emerging requirement was for companies to become more responsive to local needs while retaining their global efficiency—an emerging approach to worldwide management that we call the transnational strategic mentality.’(Bartlett 2004, p. 12). As for the way of management in such companies their key activities and resources are dispersed and specialized to reach competence and flexibility at the same time. Moreover, these dispersed resources are included into an interdependent network of worldwide operations. So, as we see ‘key activities and resources are neither centralized in the parent company, nor decentralized so that each subsidiary can carry out its own tasks on a local-for-local basis.’ (Bartlett 2004, p. 12). The main aim of all companies working on transnational level is to achieve the global leadership in the sphere of its business. And one of the qualities of such leadership is openness to new ideas that is most clearly and forcibly. Globalisation has given most organisations an international dimension. Concerning transnational network it is determined to be three-dimensional: supports a hybrid strategy of both product and market development across national borders; firm seeks both global efficiency and local responsiveness; excellent communications help managers to share vision and support learning. (Harrison 2003, p. 315). Governments of many countries support the idea of transnational companies and develop the appropriate documents, which sometimes appear to be a bit controversial. ‘The European Commission’s 1993 White Paper on Growth, Competitiveness and Employment, together with the 1994 White Paper on Social Policy (and the subsequent Medium Term Action Programme) have assigned a greater role and responsibility to the social partners at European level: this may generate more intensive transnational cooperation—but possibly also greater conflict.’ (Lecher 1998 p. xiii). So, let us speak about the example mentioned above to explain the strategy used in the company. First, we compare and contrast the influence of changes in internal management perspectives and the international business environment upon the strategic development of BRL Hardy in the 1990s. Applying to the history we may say that vines were first introduced into Australia in 1788 by Captain Arthur Phillip, who was the leader of the group of convicts and settlers, comprised the first fleet of migrants to inhabit the new British colony. During next two centuries wine became very popular and by 1996 there were two greatest companies involved in this business. First one was Southcorp and ‘the number two company was BRL Hardy Ltd. (BRLH), selling under the Hardy, Houghton, Leasingham, and other labels.’ (Bartlett 2004, p. 679). Earlier Hardy and BRL were different companies. But due to recession-driven market slowdown at home and problems in three of the European acquisitions in Hardy as well as struggle and search for ways to expand and upgrade its business in BRL led for the merge of these two companies in June 1992. Certain changes in the international business environment influenced the strategy development of the BRLH Company: A rationalization and consolidation among wine wholesalers and retailers. Exploiting modern viticulture and more scientific winemaking practices to produce more consistent high-quality wine by wine suppliers from New World. The first priority for the company after merging was the financial situation and domestic market as ‘both companies performed poorly the previous year†¦and the Australian market accounted for the vast bulk of their profit†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Bartlett 2004, p. 681). The emerged strategy was that the company would protect its share of the bulk cask business but concentrate on branded bottle sales for growth. This required a commitment to quality. To implement this strategy there was the need to change the company’s culture and management style, in other words to create a more decentralized approach, but to hold management accountable. ‘The results were impressive with both domestic bottle market share and profitability increasing significantly in the first two tears of BRLH’s operation.’ (Bartlett 2004, 682). As to the international experience, the company understood that ‘globalization of competition is triggered both by the emergence of Triad industrialized markets with relatively homogeneous demands, comprising the United States, the European Community, and Japan.’ (Ohmae 1985). Thus the key export markets were the United Kingdom, the United States, Germany, and Japan. To expand on its U.K. sale Hardy believed it should stop relying on importers, distributors, and agents. This led management to the decision of buying European wineries to give Hardy’s wines greater access to Europe. But unfortunately, such decision and the appeared problems had negative impact on the company and led it to the merge as was mentioned above. New management began to realize the situation and work out possible strategies to improve the company’s presentation on the foreign market. For that moment ‘a U.K. business selling a small volume of Hardy wines and just breaking even, a rapidly eroding BRL bulk business in Sweden, a weak Hardy-U.S. presence supported by a single representative, and a virtually nonexistent presence in Asia or the rest of Europe.’ (Bartlett 2004, p. 682). Realizing such situation the strategy was based on the strong quality brand image with the company’s marketing slogan ‘Quality Wines for the World’. As the implementation of such a strategy a group marketing and export manager Stephen Davies initiated a programme to rationalize the line and reposition a few key brands in a stepstair hierarchy from simple entry level products to fine wines for connoisseurs. In U.K. the company recently acquired two distributors, but their financial situation was disastrous. So the managing director Carson reported such a situation to the Australian management and proposed a series of cost-cutting steps, installed strong systems, controls, and policies that put him firmly in charge of key decisions. As the result in 1992 the company promised to be profitable on the European market again. Despite improving results in the same year the company was facing several key problems: the need to build quickly on the 178,000 cases of Hardy-brand products that has represented less than a quarter of his total volume in 1991; the need to restore the financial health of its French winemaker, Domaine de la Baume; the need to protect an unstable imported Chilean product that had come as a Whiclar and Gordon agency. Though the headquarters understood the significance of the appeared problems the relationship was an uneasy one as they supported delegation only to those who ‘earned their stripes’. The next difficulty was weather the BRL management understood international marketing. To expand the sales in Europe Carson clearly understood the need to relabel, reposition, and relaunch the brands as current image had eroded in the U.K., but the Australian office did not want to hear of it. In the long run they agreed to such an offer and in 1993 they relabled and relaunched Nottage Hill and repositioned Stamps. In this case the initial negative attitude towards relabling the product brought only delay in expanding sales in the Europe. Fortunately, the changes were made and the company quadrupled the volume of Hardy’s brand from 1992 by 1994. By the mid-1990s the headquarters began to imagine the company not just as a ‘quality exporter’ but as an ‘international wine company’. Though the international environment hardly believed in the possibility of wine to become global brand, the company management believed that ‘changes in wine-making, the opening of global markets, and the changing consumer profile would all support their objective to become a truly international wine company built on a global branding capability.’ (Bartlett 2004, 687). This was the right choice though difficult because it is clearly stated ‘in response to global competition, successful companies are evolving from a product policy of offering customized products to that of offering globally standardized ones.’ (Kotabe 1992). In this case the company strategy was built on decentralization and wish to listen to and to support overseas ideas and proposals, but the role of headquarters should be as brand owners. And it is clear that ‘global companies conduct research wherever necessary, develop products in several countries, promote key executives regardless of nationality, and even have shareholders on three continents.’ (Eom 1994 p. 1). 2.In 1995-1998 managing director Christopher Carson developed certain strategy to build and sustain BRL Hardy’s competitive advantage in the UK wine market as in 1995 he was appointed chief executive of BRL Hardy Europe. We shall try to identify his approach and discuss its likely advantages and disadvantages. Carson had focused most of his attention on building sales of the Hardy brand wines but remained acutely aware of the importance of the other non-Australian product lines. It is obvious that quality of grapes as an agricultural product depends upon weather, disease and other factors. Carson proposed that one way to minimize that risk was the sourcing from multiple regions. Moreover, major retailers wanted to simplify wine buying dealing with a few key suppliers providing a broad line of quality products. For all these reasons Carson began to concentrate much of his attention on two non-Australian wine sources: Jose Canopa y CIA Limitada (Chile, Mapocho brand) and Casa Vinicola Calatrasi (Siciliy, D’istinto brand). These two projects were based on partnership relations and were a kind of transnational relations. ‘Transnational relations are understood as regular interactions across national borders in which either the administration itself or the actors with whom the administration maintains contacts act without a specific and clear national mandate when participating in negotiations and decision-making processes.’ (Jacobsson 2003). In both projects Carson offered the grape growers to send the winemaking specialist to enhance the value of their harvest through more productive vineyard techniques and new winemaking methods. Moreover branding could give the producers security of demand and eventually better prices for their fruit. The approach he used to develop his strategy was customer-focused,   a shareholder value approach as he saw the company as the private property of it s owners, linked to the concept of competitive advantage offering high-quality wines produced with the help of new technologies of winemaking. The advantageous goal of these projects was to offset projected Australian red wine shortages with alternative sources and to develop a brand responding to the average wine consumer interested in wine but not necessarily very knowledgeable about it. The new product was to give easy-to read labels with a pronounceable brand name. D’istinto line ‘can help us build BRLH Europe in size, impact, and reputation,’ said Carson. ‘We need to become known as a first-class branding company – a company able to leverage great distribution and strong marketing into recognized consumer brands.’ (Bartlett 2004, p. 690). As for disadvantages of Carson’s strategy, the Mapocho project was disappointing. The first samples were bad and the reason was controversial from both sides: ‘The Chileans thought the problem was due to the winemaker sent from BRL Hardy being unfamiliar with Chilean wine, while he insisted they had not provided him with quality fruit.’ (Bartlett 2004, p. 690). Canepa managers claimed the costs went up, and wanted to change the supply price, and then the new venture lost opportunity to get early access to the pick of the 1997 grape harvest. All this led to low sales contrary to expected (15,000 cases against 80,000 planned). As to the D’istinto, initialy it was planned to fill the price points that had been vacated as Stamps and Nottage Hill had become more expensive. But for the moment of discussion the Sicilian line clearly overlapped with Hardy’s core offerings. Nevertheless, D’istinto sales rose from 16,000 to 500,000 by year four and could have global potential. But despite such success and relatively small investment in the branding, packaging and launch expenses, the real financial risk could come later in the form of contract commitments and excess inventory because of continued difficulty with Mapocho sales. As a result the chosen strategy led to the brand fighting. The next step within the company was the strategic decision to promote Banrock Station as a global brand. As the Stamps and Nottage Hill brands became more expensive, Carson believed there was an opening for a new low-end Australian brand to fill the vacant price position, representing more than 80% of sales volume. The person in charge for this question was Paul Browne. He felt the market was ready for a brand which would appeal to a younger consumer gradually coming to buy Stamps and Nottage Hill later. ‘The brand he came up with was Kelly’s Revenge.’ (Bartlett 2004, p. 692). Meanwhile, in Australia, BRLH was developing a major new product targeted at a similar price point. The name of the new brand positioned as an environmentally responsible product and launched in Australia in 1996 came from the place named Banrock Station (a 1,800-hectare cattle grazing property partially converting by the company to viticulture) and acquired by the company in 1995. ‘Good Earth, Fine Wine’ was the motto of the brand. ‘The nomination process for the Banrock Station Wetland Complex was initiated by the sites owner, BRL Hardy Wine Company. Extensive consultation on the nomination was undertaken and coordinated by the South Australian Department for Environment and Heritage.’ (Wetlands Australia 2003). After the increasing success in Australia, convinced in its potential as a global brand, headquarters management decided to promote Banrock Station as a global brand in the countries of this company’s presence. In Canada and the U.S. there were no significant difficulties of implementing such a decision, but in Europe the management team expressed serious doubts as they already finished the Kelly’s Revenge project. In this particular question headquarters and European management appeared to be arguing parties. As Australians blocked Kelly’s Revenge and Europeans tried to block Banrock Station because they were projects worked out in these two organizations to satisfy the customer. But, Banrock Station was more successive in the market and Kelly’s Revenge was examined by the customers’ reaction, as the result ‘when we took it to ASDA, the UK grocery chain, they were not enthralled. ’(Bartlett 2004, p. 694). So this was the opportunity to give Banrock Station a try in European market. If determining this process deliberate or emergent we should say that to much more extent it was deliberate because the trial to launch D’istinto on a low price level was a failure and Banrock Station brand appeared to be much more successive on this level because of its devoutness to nature. Initially the program aimed ‘to restore the natural elements such as soil, water, natural vegetation and animals as they existed at Banrock Station over 200 years ago.’ (Banrock Station – Environmental). For this purpose the company bought the property in South Australia’s Riverland district. The deliberateness of the promoting process underlines one more fact that ‘during the planning and development phase, visitors’ universally positive reaction to BRLH’s ongoing conservation efforts – planting only 400 hectares while returning the remaining land to its native state including the restoration of natural wetlands – convinced management that the property had brand potential.’ (Bartlett 2004, p. 693). Emerging in all the process may be only the fact of acquiring the property. ‘Banrock Station now also supports wetlands restoration projects in other countries where it sells its wines including New Zealand, Sweden, Finland, the Netherlands, Canada, the United States and the United Kingdom.’ (Landcare Australia 2001). For example in Canada ‘for every bottle sold, a donation is made to the Banrock Station Wetlands Foundation Canada to support wetland conservation projects.’ (Banrock Station Shiraz). The region under BRLH care in this project developed and increased its potential. ‘During 1998 Richard Stafford architects developed this project for the BRL Hardy Corporation as a combined wine tasting, visitor destination and information centre, to be known as the Wine Wetland Centre.’ (Banrock Station). ‘Banrock Station is an exemplary example of an innovative cellar door that truly reflects the brand.’ (Richard Stafford). The BRLH Company made a lot of successive affords to expand its production on the world market, though there were some faults and mishaps as it always happens when managers start doing greater business. The most significant is that the company should see its mistakes and try to overcome them with less looses for the company profit. And it is clear that ‘in the future, a companys ability to develop a transnational organizational capability will be the key factor that separates the winners from the mere survivors in the international competitive environment.’ (Rugman 1992, p. 1). The question of transnational companies was of great concern to many countries even in 1980s. ‘Discussions on the role of transnational corporations (TNCs) in the current international economic situation and on the modern phenomenon of transborder data flows highlighted the work of the Commission on Transnational Corporations at its tenth regular session, held from 17 to 27 April in New York.’ (UN Chronicle 1984, p.1). The idea of transnational companies became very significant in the twentieth century as ‘in the last quarter of the twentieth century the international flows of goods and capital increasingly broke down the notion of sovereign nation-states.’ (Pries 2001 p. 5).    References. ‘Banrock Station’ Available on http://www.emilis.sa.on.net/projects/emil_63.htm (Accessed August, 9 2005). ‘Banrock Station – Environmental rehabilitation of wetlands’. Available on http://www.austrade.gov.au/corporate/layout/0,,0_-1_-2_-3_PWB110405321-4_-5_-6_-7_DOCUMENT,00.html. (Accessed August, 9 2005). ‘Banrock Station Shiraz’ Available on http://www.churchillcellars.com/banrock_shiraz.shtml   (Accessed August, 9 2005). Bartlett, CA Ghoshal, S Birkinshaw, J 2004, ‘Transnational Management: Text, Cases, and Readings in Cross-Border Management’,Fourth edition, New York and London: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. ‘Commission Discusses Role of Transnational Corporations in World Development’ 1984, Magazine article, UN Chronicle, Vol. 21, July. Ebow Bondzi-Simpson, P 1990, ‘Legal Relationships between Transnational Corporations and Host States’, Quorum Books. Eom, SB 1994, ‘Transnational Management Systems: An Emerging Tool for Global Strategic Management’, SAM Advanced Management Journal, Vol. 59. Harrison, JS 2003, ‘Strategic management of resources and relationships: concepts and cases’, New York and Chichester: Wiley, p. 315. Jacobsson, B Là ¦greid, P Pedersen OK 2003, ‘Europeanization and Transnational States: Comparing Nordic Central Governments’, Routledge. Kotabe, M 1992, ‘Global Sourcing Strategy: RD, Manufacturing, and Marketing Interfaces’, Quorum Books. ‘Landcare Australia’ 2001. Available on http://www.landcareaustralia.com.au/sponsordisplay.asp?SponsorID=23 (Accessed August, 9 2005). Lecher, W Platzer, HW 1998, ‘European Union European Industrial Relations? Global Challenges, National Developments and Transnational Dynamics’, Routledge. Ohmae, K 1985, ‘Triad Power’, New York: The Free Press.   Pries, L 2001, ‘New Transnational Social Spaces: International Migration and Transnational Companies in the Early Twenty-First Century’, Routledge. ‘Richard Stafford Banrock Station’ Available on http://www.offthevine.com.au/ep27/industry_ep27.html (Accessed August, 9 2005). Rugman, AM and Verbeke, A 1992, ‘Note on the Transnational Solution and the Transaction Cost Theory of Multinational Strategic Management’, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 23. ‘Wetlands Australia — National Wetlands Update 2003’ 2003, Environment Australia for the Australian Wetlands Information Network (AWIN), Environment Australia, February, Issue No. 11, ISBN 0642549052.Available on http://www.deh.gov.au/water/wetlands/publications/wa11/banrock.html (Accessed August, 9 2005).

The Leader-Follower Relationship :: leadership, motivation theories

Leadership is studied and analysed so that the effective practices can be taught and applied in today’s organizations. The concept of leadership has been expanded to discuss the follower’s role in the leader-follower relationship. While leading is often considered an active role, following can have a negative connotation, especially when seen as a passive, subordinate position. However, following can be a choice, and the difference between the leader and follower is the activities, rather than abilities (Wren, p.201). An organization possesses effective followers is just as important for success as having effective leaders. Hersey and Blanchard describe this relationship as dynamic and use Situational Leadership (R) as a model for the leader’s to improve the performance of their followers. Manz and Sims describe a historical view of leader types which has evolved to view the superleader as the most effective type for our current culture. The role of the superleader is to empower followers to become self-leaders themselves. The Situational Leadership model may contain the word â€Å"Leadership†, but it is mostly about effective management practices and does not address developing the role of the follower. There is a difference between managing and leading. In Managerial Roles, H. Mintzberg describes 10 roles, grouped under the categories of interpersonal, informational and decision roles, that a manager should posses. An effective leader should have those skills as well, in addition to having an overall vision, clearly communicating those goals and motivating their followers to work towards it (Wren, p.378). Leadership is also about directing change. Without change, leadership is only management of the status quo (MacNeil, Cavanagh, Silcox, p.6). There is nothing wrong with begin a successful manager, just as there is much value to be an effective follower. The role of the follower and subordinate is very different in terms of ability and choice. Subordinates are considered passive, lacking in initiative and responsibility. The image of sheep comes to mind, where as followers are more active, and engage in more critical thinking (Wren, p.195). Robert Kelley further describes the effective followers have good self-management skills, abilities and motivation, which are exactly the same qualities apparent in effective leaders. That relationship between leader and follower is defined by the role they play, since an effective follower has the skills to switch positions with the leader.

Research Paper About Minute Burger

RESEARCH PAPER I. Industry/Company Background Burger Machine is an industry. Minute Burger is an established food franchising company with over 26 years of expertise in the delivery of first-rate food products and food service operations. Since 1982, we have served millions of our on-of-a-kind, hearty, DELICIOUS burgers, in Minute Burger stores all over the Philippines. Today, we continue to explore opportunities and take full advantage of our market potential.We maintain dynamism in developing our product line to suit the various tastes of our growing market. We relentlessly work towards building dependable systems to improve and ensure the highest product and service standards. And, we take our franchising goals a notch higher by jointly envisioning with our partners and by matching our strength with theirs to achieve maximum rewards, not only in our francise business but more importantly, in people’s lives.The market share under the burger on the wheels segment can be descr ibed by the following figures based on my observation in today’s market- Minute Burger- 34, Burger Machine-31, Angel’s Burger-21, Buena bonita’s-8 Other’s-6. Minute Burger has now expanded all over the country through franchising. Its franchising package amounting ? 350,000 includes business operations support, management training services and Marketing/ Promotional Support. II. Vision, Mission. VisionBy 2020, Minute Burger shall be the Quick Service Food Chain of Choice for the value conscious consumer by providing innovative and environmentally sustainable food products and services that meets global standards through operational excellence; aided by highly competent employees and franchise partners with a shared mind set to create memorable experiences and to also achieve local and international expansion. Mission To create positive customer experience. III. REVISED MISSION STATEMENT 1. CUSTOMERTo ensure that each guest receives prompt, professional, f riendly and courteous service. To maintain a clean, comfortable and well maintained premises for our guests and staff. 2. PRODUCTS & SERVICES To sell delicious and remarkable food and drinks. That the food and drink we sell meets the highest standards of quality, freshness and seasonality and combines both modern-creative and traditional Asian styles of cooking. 3. PHILOSOPHY At Minute Burger, we Believe that Fast Food is about sustaining the satisfaction of people. . EMPLOYEES To provide all who work with us a friendly, cooperative and rewarding environment which encourages long- term, satisfying, growth employment. To keep our concept fresh, exciting and on the cutting edge of the hospitality and entertainment industry. 5. TECHNOLOGY To provide the guests the information about the Minute Burger easier. 6. MARKETS 7. SELF-CONCEPT To ensure that all guests and staff are treated with the respect and dignity they deserve. To thank each guest for the opportunity to serve them.By mainta ining these objectives we shall be assured of a fair profit that will allow us to contribute to the community we serve. To provide at a fair price – nutritional, well-prepared meals – using only quality ingredients. 8. CONCERN FOR PUBLIC IMAGE To actively contribute to sustainable development through environmental protection, social responsibility and economic progress. To us, that means meeting the needs of society today, while respecting the ability of future generations to meet their needs.

Essay Shakespeares Macbeth - 639 Words

â€Å"What goes around comes around.† The decision of the execution of the King Duncan was beyond the concept of being egoistical. The sum of a persons actions in this and previous states of existence, viewed as deciding their fate in future existences. Macbeth, every dreadful deed you take as an action and claim you have committed a wrongdoing; you excavate your own grave. Since, you commit the murder of King Duncan, how do you believe that fortune will come your way. The three Weird witches and your own love, Lady Macbeth are the key players in this game of guilt. Abundantly, Lady Macbeth is the true top dog pulling the strings, you are the puppet, and while she is the puppet master, you’re just a squirrel trying to get a nut in†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Suspicion always haunts the guilty mind, asserts William Shakespeare. The quote conveys the factor of an unsubstantiated belief that something is the case, especially a belief that something wrong has happ ened causes to discomfort somebody by unpleasant reminders to the mindset of being aware of your wrongdoings. Your conscience performs duties for you. Without an inner voice you might be esteemed heartless and a sociopath, somebody who breaks the principles of social order and has respect for anybody. Your still, small voice, superego in psychoanalytical terms, could be discerning, comprehension that you are after all human and as an individual you commit errors, lose your cool or disregard somebody you cherish every once in a while. We have a tendency to judge our activities dependent upon the extent to which we adore ourselves and by the extent to which we determine our self-worth from the approbation of others. When we have a sound inner voice we esteem exceptional most importantly, think about the well-being of others and in addition our own, can separate between great and awful and settle on decisions that are for more amazing elses benefit of all. So when you know you took the wrong actions, the doubts or uncertainty of an investigator uncovers the real truth spoken from your guilty conscience. Macbeth, don’t you ever get the thoughts that what you are doing is wrong and despite of my-selfShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeares Macbeth749 Words   |  3 Pages1. Macbeth, the tragic hero in William Shakespeare’s Macbeth, suffers from the fatal flaws of insecurity and indecision, allowing him to easily be manipulated, which causes the audience to feel sympathetic toward him. After Macbeth has heard the prophecy from the three witches and he has been named thane of Cawdor, he is led to a strong internal conflict: â€Å"If good, why do I yield to that suggestion / Whose horrid image doth unfix my hair†¦ / Shakes so my single state of man that function / is smother’dRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Macbeth1401 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Macbeth At the beginning of the play, before Macbeth is introduced, the impression given is that he is a very good man indeed. It is as if he was a local hero and could do no wrong. The sergeant refers to him as brave Macbeth and Duncan says O valiant cousin! Worthy gentleman! Duncan, the king, rewards Macbeth with the title, thane of Cawder, and the previous, treacherous thane having been sentenced to death. People speak of MacbethsRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Macbeth638 Words   |  3 Pagesagree? Well, in Macbeth manhood is concurrent with power, physical strength, courage, and force of will. Rarely though, is it bound to the ideals of moral fortitude or mentality. The motif of gender recurs many times in Shakespeare’s work. Being a â€Å"man† in Macbeth means that you must be physically capable, cruel, and do what ever it takes to accomplish one’s goals. Women were supposed to obey their husbands and be good. Evil from a woman was absolutely not permitted. The women in Macbeth are the fireRead MoreShakespeares Macbeth Essay603 Words   |  3 Pagesthemes of Macbeth. The character Macbeth, in Shakespeare’s tragedy Macbeth, could easily identify with this passage due to the fact that he is pulled in opposite directions by both his desire to do what is right and his desire for power. In Act 1 Macbeth is troubled by his desire to kill the king that is countered by his morals that state he should not kill Duncan for the fact â€Å"First, as I am his kinsman and his subject, Strong both against the deed†(I.vii.13,14). In scene vii Macbeth contemplatesRead MoreThemes in Shakespeares Macbeth1043 Words   |  5 PagesMacBeth is one of the most renowned plays in history, written by famous playwright William Shakespeare. It is a story of betrayal, tyranny, murder and deadly ambition. These four themes make this tragedy a great resource for studying the darker side of humanity, and why we resort to such measures. While studying the play, I gained many insights into humanity, and will highlight three in-depth. Firstly, I saw the negative effects of uncontrolled ambition. MacBeth, the valiant warrior, hero of ScotlandRead MoreShakespeares Novel Macbeth1577 Words   |  7 Pagesworld be like if no one felt guilt? If no one ever caught caught for their crimes? In Shakespeares novel, Macbeth, the main characters commit crimes driven by their ambition. After committing the first crime Macbeth, the main antagonist is overwhelmed with guilt. His wife, Lady Macbeth plotted the first crime and was the main force pushing Macbeth to kill. In the end Macbeth is charged with the truth and Lady Macbeth kills herself both brought down equally from guilt. Guilt and fear of being found outRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Macbeth2461 Words   |  10 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Macbeth In Macbeth, look at the following scenes: Act one, scenes one, two and three, Act two, scene two, Act four, scene one and Act five, scenes three, six and seven. What did Macbeths character, words and actions show about changes in his character? Why are these scenes important to the plot and structure of the play and how the themes are presented? The play Macbeth is about a man whose rise to power and fall are influenced by his ownRead MoreDefining a Hero in Shakespeares Macbeth1308 Words   |  5 Pagesthrough William Shakespeare’s tragedy, Macbeth. In his play, the reader comes across Macbeth, a noble and honorable hero, who ranks highly among his peers. Nonetheless, as the play unfolds, it clearly depicts how power can corrupt even the most honorable. The noble Macbeth usurps his higher sovereignty, King Duncan of Scotland, in order to obtain the throne. However, in doing so, he annihilates anyone and everyone who seeks to stop him. As a result of his fallacious ambition, Macbeth is murdered byRead MoreMacbeth as a Tragic Hero.in Shakespeares Macbeth Essay522 Words   |  3 PagesMacbeth as a Tragic Hero.in Shakespeares Macbeth When William Shakespeare created Macbeth he included in the title character all the key elements of a tragic hero. Macbeth has a decline from his good standing, reaches a lowest point and soon after turns himself around, the epiphany, and finally rises in his morals and standing; however it is too late and his death is apparent. Macbeths decline begins when he heeds the witches prophecies. His lowest point is reached when he decides thatRead MoreThe Relationship Between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth in Shakespeares Macbeth448 Words   |  2 Pagesillustrated in Shakespeare’s famous tragedy Macbeth. The way Macbeth and Lady Macbeth’s relationship changes drastically throughout the play is an example of how fragile a relationship really is. With one word or action a relationship can erode itself away. This play is a perfect example of a promising relationship that messes with a power greater than themselves and in the end falls into a hopeless swamp with no way out, nowh ere to turn. We see the relationship between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth unfold

Essay on ford - 3377 Words

Alen Badal The Union Institute F www.ford.com Ford recently received $5.9 billion in Energy Department loans to help retool its plants.m Illinois, Kentucky, Michigan, Nlissouri. and Ohio to produce 13 fuel-efficient models, including 5,000 to 10,000 eiectric cars per year starting in2011. In mid-2009, Nissan Motor was granted $1.6 billion in loans also from the U.S. Department of Energy to build as many as 100,000 electric cars a year at its plant in Smyrna, Tennessee, by 2013. Fords newest competitor may be the U.S. government because GM and Chrysler LLC are in line to get $62 billion in investments from the U.S. Treasury. GM and Chrysler have cut their debt and closed hundreds of dealers with that money, while Ford still†¦show more content†¦Market Share of Top 11 Auto Firms % of Market Share General Motors CorP. Toyota Motor Sales USA Inc. Ford Motor ComPanY Chrysler LLC American Honda Motor Co. Inc Nissan North America lnc. Hyundai Motor America Kia Motors America Inc. Mazda Motor of America Inc Subaru of Ameriga IncMitsubishi Motors N A, Inc. Source:Basedonhttp://onlhe.wsj.com/mdc/publiclpagel2-3022.autosales.html#autoSalesD. 18.8 16.9 13.8 10.9 10.6 8.0 4,7 J.J 2.4 r.9 0.7 CASE 12 . FORD MOTOR COMPANY Company Brands Ford consists offive brands and is generally perceived as being an affordable brand name catering to a variety of consumer needs and wants. The vehicles span cars, trucks, and super utility vehicies (SUVs). Ford also produces the Nlondeo found in Europe and the EcoSport in South America and some parts of Asia. Lincoln/Mercury Fords Lincoln (www.lincoln.com) vehicles are perceived as a 1uxury line and inciude fiveShow MoreRelatedThe Good Soldier By Ford Madox Ford1603 Words   |  7 Pages The Good Soldier by Ford Madox Ford Ford Madox Ford is a great English author, who has written many great books like The Good Soldier, for people and kids to read. By looking at The Good Soldier, one can see that Ford Madox Ford included the themes of the moral significance of adultery and the difference between appearance and reality because of his actual life. Ford Madox Ford was born on December 17, 1873,in Surrey, in England. His father was Francis Hueffer, born in 1845 and died in 1898, hisRead MoreThe Ford Production Of Ford Pinto994 Words   |  4 PagesThe Ford automobile company began producing the Ford Pinto line up in 1968. The Chief Executive Officer (CEO) at the time of the pinto production was Lee Iacocca. The reason for the decision to mass produce the pinto in a short amount of time is because American automobiles were losing market share to smaller Japanese imports. Lee Iacocca wanted his engineers to design and manufacture a compact car that weighed less than 2,000 pounds and cost less than 2,000 dollars. Because of this monumental taskRead MoreThe Ford Pinto1076 Words   |  5 PagesThe Ford Pinto Question 1 What moral issues does the Pinto case raise? ANS: The Pinto case raise the moral issues of what is the dollar value of the human life. That the businesses should not be putting a value on human life and disregard a known deadly danger. In order to perform a risk/benefit analysis, all costs and benefits must be expressed in some common measure. This measure is typically in dollars, as the Ford Motor Company used in its analysis. This can prove difficult for things thatRead MoreHenry Ford and the Model T Ford789 Words   |  3 Pagesvehicle that started the mobile craze in America was the Model T ford by Henry Ford. Hitting it off with the entire nation, The Model T Ford was a smashing success. People would say that when the farm was under Henrys control. They would not see any tools. Henry ran his farm the way of the â€Å"future†. Henry ran a very efficient farm however this was not what he wanted to do with life. As we already know Henry wanted to create the first car. Ford was raised on a small farm ran by his father outside of DetroitRead MoreFord Pinto953 Words   |  4 PagesCommerce (COMM 101) Case 2.3 (The Ford Pinto) Week 4 1. What moral issues does the Pinto case raise? Moral issues that Ford Pinto case raises included producing dangerous products which are not safe to use it without informing the dangerous of the products to the public. In addition, lobbying the NHTSA to delay the safety measure of the products is also one of the moral issues that Ford Pinto case raises. (53 words) 2. Suppose Ford officials were asked to justify theirRead MoreFord Essay1041 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Microeconomics of the Ford Motor Company Final Paper – ECO201 14EW1 Karen J. Cassady Southern New Hampshire University Abstract: (Brief Summary of paper aprox 150 words) to be added for final draft. Introduction The purpose of this paper will be to explain how the supply and demand as well as the elasticity of demand exists for the automobiles produced by the Ford Motor Company. The early history of the company through the present will be highlighted in an effort toRead MoreComparison Between Ford Vs Ford860 Words   |  4 PagesDaniel Guerrero Mrs. Wierson English 1301-6th pd. 21 September 2017 Ford v.s Dodge: The Battle of the Cars We live in the 21st century, which is considered to be the era of modern technology and sophisticated ingenuity. Yet up to this day, two brands have managed to keep up with the 21st century. Which includes the best technology in automotive industry and the capability of implementing sophisticated aerodynamics. Ford and Dodge have been head to head with each other since the early 1900’sRead MoreFord Model T1057 Words   |  5 Pagesera is known to most people as the point where America advanced itself to become a world renowned country. An advancement that will be focused on is the Ford Model T. During this time owning a car was a symbol of wealth. Henry Ford, the creator of the Model T, made a system that revolutionized the automobile industry as we know it today. Henry Ford made it possible for people with an average income to own a motor vehicle by creating the assembly line and the theory of mass production. The horse, whichRead MoreTom Ford Essay840 Words   |  4 Pa gesTOM FORD Born in Texas in 1962, Tom Ford went on to become arguably the most influential designer of the last decade. Having initially trained as an actor, he studied interior architecture at Parsons School of Design until 1986, and went on to take positions at Perry Ellis and Cathy Hardwick, before joining Gucci in 1990. Ford was hired by Guccis then creative director Dawn Mello as chief womens ready-to-wear designer, and later appointed design director. When, in 1994, Gucci was acquiredRead MoreFord Motors : The Mastermind Behind The Ford Empire1055 Words   |  5 PagesFord Motor Company Vision states, â€Å"People, working together as a lean, global enterprise to make people’s lives better through automotive and mobility leadership† Ford build its products on core value: Quality, Safe, Green, and Smart. Mr. Henry Ford (1863-1947) was the mastermind behind the Ford Empire. While working as an engineer for the Edison Illuminating Company in Detroit, he built his first gasoline-powered horseless carriage, the Quadricycle, in the shed behind his home. In 1903, Henry Fords

Essay on Macbeth Issues - 867 Words

In Shakespeare’s Macbeth, there are many issues that may have had an affect on the play. The complex marriage between the power hungry Macbeths, lady Macbeth’s dominant character directing Macbeth in the murders, the role reversal during the murders, Macbeth’s reaction to his wife’s death, and male and female marriages for authority. When analyzed these issues help describe the Macbeth’s relationship. They are the very issues that eventually lead to the â€Å"Great Tragedy†. The relationship of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth is a complex one. Macbeth in the beginning does not come across to us as dominant. He more so looks to Lady Macbeth for comfort, assurance, and direction.†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Go get some water And wash your hand. Why did you bring these daggers†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"O, never shall sun that morrow see†¦ Look like the time; bear welcome in your eye†¦ Look like th’innocent flower But be the serpent under’t†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Act 1, Scene 5) Lady Macbeth provides the assurance for Macbeth by telling him what and how to act. She also builds up his character by telling him that he will be a â€Å"greater man† if he were to go ahead with the murders. â€Å"†¦When you durst do it, then you were a man; And to be more the man than what you were, you would Be so much more the man†. (Act I, Scene 7) Everette states, â€Å"Married couples invariably, †¦ grow like each other†. Macbeth and Lady Macbeth exchange qualities. Lady Macbeth becomes the way Macbeth was and Macbeth becomes the way Lady Macbeth was. â€Å"Then live, Macduff; what I need fear of thee? But yet I’ll make assurance double sure, And take a bond of fate. Thou shalt not live†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Act IV, Scene 1) There it is shown that Macbeth’s attitude changes, he begins to take on Lady Macbeth’s role during the beginning of the play as the person in charge. Everette also says, â€Å"†¦he starts to not need her anymore†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Lady Macbeth has made Macbeth into the â€Å"greater man† she wanted him to be and now he is no longer held back by his conscience or guilt. In the next act Lady Macbeth loses her mind. She is constantly washing her hands and says she can still smell the blood, â€Å"†¦Here’s the smell of blood still. All the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand. O, O, O †!(ActShow MoreRelatedGender Issues in Will iam Shakespeares Macbeth Essay653 Words   |  3 PagesGender Issues in William Shakespeares Macbeth In Macbeth there are some issues that show us that at the time William Shakespeare wrote, women were treated in a much inferior way than men. For brave Macbeth- well he deserves that name- disdaining fortune, with his brandish steel, which smoked bloody execution (I.2.16) This quote proves that men are seen as more important than women. Its taken from the start of the play, said by the captain at the battle. The captainRead MoreShakespeare Writes About Issues That Are Still Relevant Today1303 Words   |  6 PagesShakespeare writes about issues that are still relevant today Shakespeare writes about issues that are still relevant today because his themes are universal, his plays have been updated and remade and there are various schools of thought who argue about his plays. His universal themes of vaulting and corrupting ambition, a reliance on superstition and gender tell us that the play Macbeth explored themes that are still seen in today’s society. The updated and remade film versions of Macbeth (also known asRead MoreMacbeth was Heroic in the Military784 Words   |  3 Pages Macbeth was a strong heroic icon in the military, but that all changed when the possibility of being King mentally destroyed him, his wife, and his desire to have a long reign. Throughout the play Macbeth by William Shakespeare there are various characters that become mentally unstable and begin to have battles with themselves caused by bad decisions or the decisions made by other people. A character in the play named Macduff deals similar issues. He suspects that M acbeth is a murder and withRead MoreThe Fall Of A King893 Words   |  4 PagesThe Fall of a King (An Analysis of why Macbeth became Mad and Corrupt) In life there are many things that influence the lives of people on a day to day basis. This can be anything from a small incident that happens on the daily.Or one rather large incident that has an enormous impact on them and influenced them to make further irrational decisions. It also doesn’t have to be a large event, but a sequence of events done by them, but influenced by others words and judgement. An excellent exampleRead MoreAmbition and Death - the Story of the Renaissance in Macbeth1189 Words   |  5 PagesRenaissance in Macbeth In the tragic drama Macbeth, written by William Shakespeare in 1606 during the English Renaissance, the hero, Macbeth, constantly declines in his level of morality until his death at the end of the play. Because of his change of character from good to evil, Macbeth s attitude towards other characters, specifically Duncan, Banquo, Lady Macbeth, and the witches, is significantly affected. In a larger sense, the theme of bad versus good kingship, embodied by Macbeth and DuncanRead MoreManipulation in Macbeth Essay example840 Words   |  4 PagesMac-nipulation In William Shakespeares play Macbeth, manipulation is a very effective device. The main character Macbeth is a puppet controlled by the words coming from the three witches and Lady Macbeth. The four troublemakers provide Macbeth with the motivation and confidence he needs to kill Duncan and perform other dark actions. Macbeth is very ambitious; there’s no doubt about this. However, there is no sign of him changing from a loyal man to a power hungry man. That is until outsideRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Macbeth, also known as The Scottish Play is one of the most distinguished1500 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Macbeth, also known as The Scottish Play is one of the most distinguished pieces of literature ever created in history. Written in the early 1600’s, this play embellished tragedy touching upon themes such as death, fate, war, and power. Characters such as Macbeth and Lady Macbeth became iconic and often imitated in theatrical work. Today, Macbeth still reigns supreme throughout the globe, and known to be on of Shakespeare’s many treasures. The production has been put on worldRead MoreAct 1 Scene 7 of William Shakespeares Macbeth Essay707 Words   |  3 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Macbeth Introduction ============ Act 1 scene 7 is very important in the whole of the play because the string of murders started here, and what Macbeth and Lady Macbeth wanted to do was accomplished. This was the scene in which Macbeth became King and the original King (King Duncan) was murdered. Before this scene what had happened was that King Duncan came to Macbeths castle and there was a great banquet. Lady Macbeth had played a part Read MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1457 Words   |  6 PagesThe play, Macbeth, by William Shakespeare, presents many societal issues, such as the influence of superstition and the supernatural, as well as the continuous desire of the human race for progress and ambitious fulfilment. What a person chooses to do in order to fulfil those desires depends on the individuals themselves, and in the case of Macbeth, he turns to murder in order to advance his social and political standing. The audience’s perception of Macbeth changes throughout the play, beginningRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare’S Macbeth Remains As A Crucial Play1705 Words   |  7 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s Macbeth remains as a crucial play in understanding the central concepts that shape modern Western civilization. The novel dramatizes the mental and physical impacts of those pursuing political power. For centuries, medieval and Renaissance civilizations were assured of a harmony between political and religious ideals. Audiences during Shakespeare’s time were familiar with kingdoms that incorporated religious aspects into their political systems. In Scotland and England, the

Morton vs Bradford Essay Example For Students

Morton vs Bradford Essay Comparison Morton versus the Puritan view William Bradford was the leader of one of the earliest colonial settlements in the United States, of which Thomas Morton was a settler. Bradford documented his exploits in â€Å"Of Plymouth Plantation† to gain support from his home country and fellow colonists. Bradford’s work, however, differs from Morton’s â€Å"New English Canaan† which also describes the events which took place in the colonies and his views of the Cavaliers, the Indians, and the Pilgrims. Bradford applies his rhetoric to amplify God to respectfully reduce his poor mistreated people while Morton uses his to satirize those same people and to show off the superiority of his own learning. The contrast between Bradford and Morton can be not only to found the relation of the two authors and the nature of their rhetoric, but elevate essential moral questions about the whole colonial endeavor, particularly with respect to the Indians. Thomas Morton was born around 1576 in Devon; England. We will write a custom essay on Morton vs Bradford specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now He was a lawyer, writer and social reformer, popular for founding the colony of Merrymount and his work studying Native American culture. Morton wrote New English Canaan, which was his only work that got published. New English Canaan is separated in three books. The first was about the Indians of New England, and reports and speculates on their languages, beliefs etc. The second book explains the natural resources of New England. And, the third was about the lives of the Puritans and their problems with the residents of Ma-re-Mount. Morton was not a religious man. Also, Morton was viewed with hostility by the pilgrims of nearby Plymouth and other settlements, who considered their reveling and association with the local Indians to be immoral. He sold liquors and firearms to the natives to injure the trade of Plymouth and to endanger the safety of the colonists. The Puritans viewed the Indians as savages. That was why he was arrested and sent to England. The Puritans said Morton worst sin was to have fun with the native women and encourage the men to do the same. Morton renamed the colony from Mt Wollaston to â€Å"Merrymount† or Ma-re Mount. Morton’s readers recognized him as a Cavalier, which refers to English people who supported the authority of the king and the Church of England. However, it opposed the political and religious changes supported by the Puritans. Morton has been ignored by critics since his New English Canaan was published. Some have proposed that suppression of his work and plans has been a straight result of his conflict with the Puritan philosophy that became the dominant tradition of thought in American history and literature. Morton demonstrates how the Indians hold on to a natural religion maintained by the virtues of hospitality to strangers and respect for authority. The Indians rather have fun. And, Morton share with them the traditional celebration of â€Å"Saints days†, that is how Morton put up the infamous maypole. Morton was very liberal, he wrote in â€Å"The Song† â€Å"Make greene garlons, bring bottles out And fill sweet Nectar freely about. Uncover thy head and feare no harme, For hers good liquor to keepe it warme†. (p. 327) Also, he declares that the Puritans express disapproval of natural pleasure. Bradford wrote â€Å"Of Plymouth Plantation†, in which he criticizes Morton ways. William Bradford was born on March, 19 1590 in Austerfield, Yorkshire. He was the leader of the Separatist settlers of the Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts. The Puritans established the Plymouth Colony in 1620 in Massachusetts. The colony was who the Puritans were, or what they believed. Bradford was affected from the Puritans beliefs. William Bradford revealed the Puritans philosophy in â€Å"Of Plymouth Plantation†. William Bradford exposed how Puritans could overcome problems in many quotes in â€Å"of Plymouth Plantation†. .ubfc070d99c816966f6d2d3ff27d16de4 , .ubfc070d99c816966f6d2d3ff27d16de4 .postImageUrl , .ubfc070d99c816966f6d2d3ff27d16de4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubfc070d99c816966f6d2d3ff27d16de4 , .ubfc070d99c816966f6d2d3ff27d16de4:hover , .ubfc070d99c816966f6d2d3ff27d16de4:visited , .ubfc070d99c816966f6d2d3ff27d16de4:active { border:0!important; } .ubfc070d99c816966f6d2d3ff27d16de4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubfc070d99c816966f6d2d3ff27d16de4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubfc070d99c816966f6d2d3ff27d16de4:active , .ubfc070d99c816966f6d2d3ff27d16de4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubfc070d99c816966f6d2d3ff27d16de4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubfc070d99c816966f6d2d3ff27d16de4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubfc070d99c816966f6d2d3ff27d16de4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubfc070d99c816966f6d2d3ff27d16de4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubfc070d99c816966f6d2d3ff27d16de4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubfc070d99c816966f6d2d3ff27d16de4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubfc070d99c816966f6d2d3ff27d16de4 .ubfc070d99c816966f6d2d3ff27d16de4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubfc070d99c816966f6d2d3ff27d16de4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Child Abuse And Lolita The Movie EssayFor instance, he wrote â€Å" Being thus arrived in good harbor, and brought safe to land, they fell upon their knees and blessed the God of Heaven who brought them over the vast and furious ocean, and belivered them from all the perils and miseries thereof, again to set their feet on the firm and stable earth, their proper element†(p. 352). Bradford explained why people came to the New World in Chapter XXIII from his book, â€Å"And other still, as they conceived themselves straitened or to want accommodation, broke away under one pretence or other, thinking their own conceived necessity and the example of others a warrant suf ficient for them. And this I fear will be the ruin of New England, at least of the churches of God there, and will provoke the Lord’s displeasure against them. The Puritans were very religious. Everything that happened was because of God for them. Bradford wrote in Chapter XXIX â€Å"Great and Fearful Earthquake†. In this chapter he talked about how the earthquake was a sign from God to leave where they used to stay. Bradford has some prejudice toward Morton because he was taking some of the Puritans away and, because of the relationship Morton had with the Indians. Bradford Called Morton â€Å"the Lord of Misrule†, and mentioned that Morton retained a â€Å"School of Atheism†. In Chapter XIX â€Å"Thomas Morton of Merrymount† of â€Å"Of Plymouth Plantation†, Bradford showed how his Puritan beliefs influence his understanding of events. His hate for Morton was in the whole chapter. In conclusion, Bradford and Morton had two different styles. Morton’s view was more liberal, tolerant, while Bradford was more religious. However, both authors had attracted the reader’s attention and their views of the Puritans and the Indians.